Carolingian, the period of Charlemagne. The emergence from the Dark Ages is embodied in the rise to power of the Frankish King, Charlemagne in 768 (founder of the Holy Roman Empire after 800) followed by conquering southern Europe from France to Italy and much of Northern Europe. The condition for peace was the acceptance of Christianity, under penalty of death. Conversion was effective and Northern Europeans, primarily Saxons, wore small crosses to affirm their Christianity. This is an original Northern European "profession of faith" cross 1000-1300 years old. Silvered bronze, 1 3/8” height (1.37”) just over 7/8” height with the crossbeam centered and the beam ends with “crutches” in Jerusalem Cross form. Globular beam terminals and raised edge square enclosing a saltire at the center, both sides. Surface textured from burial. Professionally refurbished with the silver surface restored. On a Sterling silver 18” neck chain, gift boxed with certificate of authenticity.